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在终端输入以下命令为我们的angular项目安装express、socket.io、socket.io-client
1 | npm install express socket.io socket.io-client |
本人安装的各版本信息如下:
1 2 3 | "express" : "^4.17.1" , "socket.io" : "^3.0.4" , "socket.io-client" : "^3.0.4" , |
可以在项目中新建一个server文件夹,用来存放我们的后台服务,然后新建文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | const app = require( 'express' )(); const http = require( 'http' ).createServer(app); const io = require( 'socket.io' )(http, { cors: { // 处理跨域问题 methods: [ "GET" , "POST" ], credentials: true } }); io.on( 'connection' , (socket) => { console.log( 'user connected' ); socket.on( 'add-message' , (message) => { io.emit( 'message' , {type: 'new-message' , text: message}); }); }) http.listen(4000, () => { // 后台服务启动端口 console.log( 'start on 4000....' ); }) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | import { Injectable } from '@angular/core' ; import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs' ; import { io } from 'socket.io-client' ; @Injectable() export class ChatService { private socket: any; sendMessage(message: any) { this .socket.emit( 'add-message' , message); } getMessages(): Observable<any> { return new Observable(observer => { this .socket = io( this .url, {withCredentials: true }); this .socket.on( 'message' , (data) => { observer.next(data); }); return () => { this .socket.disconnect(); } }) } } |
这里我们创建了两个方法,sendMessage用于将客户端的信息发送给服务端,getMessages用于建立连接,监听服务端事件并返回一个可观察的对象。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | import { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core' ; import { ChatService } from './chat.service' ; @Component({ selector: 'test-chat' , template: `<div *ngFor= "let message of messages" > {{message.text}} </div> <input [(ngModel)]= "message" /> <button (click)= "sendMessage()" >Send</button>`, providers: [ChatService] // 注入依赖 }) export class TestChatComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy { messages = []; connection: any; message: any; constructor(private chatService: ChatService) { } sendMessage() { this .chatService.sendMessage( this .message); this .message = '' ; } ngOnInit() { this .connection = this .chatService.getMessages() .subscribe(message => { // 组件初始化时订阅信息 this .messages.push(message); }); } ngOnDestroy() { this .connection.unsubscribe(); // 组件销毁取消订阅 } } |
这样一个简单的socket通信就完成了,效果图如下:
启动服务
前端页面
如果遇到跨域问题,大概率是没有处理跨域,检查自己的代码和端口号是否正确,详情参考handing-cors
另外,如果遇到(本人遇到了,愣是在网上找了半天依然未果)POST http://localhost:4000/socket.io/?EIO=3&transport=polling&t=NQtz_E3 400 (Bad Request)这类的报错,npm安装socket.io-client(这也是为什么我在文章一开始就安装它),在service.ts文件引入
1 | import { io } from 'socket.io-client'; |
在网上看到很多人是这样写的 import * as io from ‘socket.io-client',这种写法在typescript中是会报错的,改成上面的写法即可。
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